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| Pizer, William A.. |
| The uncertainty surrounding both costs and benefits associated with global climate change mitigation creates enormous hurdles for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. A key issue is how policy choices balance uncertainty about costs and benefits. This balance arises in terms of the time path of mitigation efforts as well as whether those efforts, by design, focus on effort or outcome. This paper considers two choices-price versus quantity controls and absolute versus relative/intensity emissions limits-demonstrating that price controls and intensity emissions limits favor certainty about cost over climate benefits and future emissions reductions. The paper then argues that in the near term, this favoritism is desired. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Climate; Policy; Intensity; Global warming; Uncertainty; Price; Quantity; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q54; Q58. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10584 |
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| Hernández Zarco, Alfonso. |
| La actividad pecuaria es de gran importancia socioeconómica para el país; la ganadería, en específico la producción de carne, es la actividad más diseminada en el sector rural. Se estima que la superficie aprovechada por la ganadería es superior a 110 millones de hectáreas, aproximadamente 60% del terrritorio nacional (SAGARPA, 2000). En el presente trabajo se estiman los efectos que se tiene sobre las cantidades ofrecidas de carne de res a nivel de granja ante un incremento en el precio del maíz, sorgo y pan. Los incrementos utilizados sobre los precios de los granos fueron del 5%, 10% y 15%, estos son ingredientes básicos en la dieta de bovinos. De igual manera, se realizo un cuestionario verbal con engordadores de Coatlinchan Texcoco edo. de México... |
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Palavras-chave: Ganadería; Superficie; Precio; Cantidad; Elasticidad; Incremento; Livestock; Area; Price; Quantity; Elasticity; Increase; Economía; Maestría. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1858 |
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| Newell, Richard G.; Pizer, William A.. |
| Using a simple analytical model incorporating benefits of a stock, costs of adjusting the stock, and uncertainty in costs, we uncover several important principles governing the choice of price-based policies (e.g., taxes) relative to quantity-based policies (e.g., tradable permits) for controlling stock externalities. Applied to the problem of greenhouse gases and climate change, we find that a price-based instrument generates several times the expected net benefits of a quantity instrument. As in Weitzman (1974), the relative slopes of the marginal benefits and costs of controlling the externality continue to be critical determinants of the efficiency of prices relative to quantities, with flatter marginal benefits and steeper marginal costs favoring... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Stock; Externality; Regulation; Policy; Uncertainty; Price; Quantity; Tax; Tradable permit; Pollution; Climate change; Greenhouse Gas; Instrument choice; Risk and Uncertainty; Q28; D81; C61. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10471 |
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| Mantovani, Daniel; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Cardozo Filho, Lúcio; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Santos, Leonilda Correia; Unversidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná; Souza, Vera Lúcia Ferreira de; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Watanabe, Cecilia Sumie; Universidade Estadual de Maringá. |
| Nowadays, there is a great interest in the research and the production of functional foods, such as isoflavones. Which present proven action on the prevention of health problems, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Considering the importance of soybean supplements standardization, this study aimed identifying and quantifying the isoflavones in products sold at different pharmacies. Isoflavones samples were acquired in six different pharmacies specialized in the production of phytotherapic medications. The isoflavones were extracted, quantified and identified in HPLC. None of the samples, from different pharmacies, presented the isoflavones content presented on the label, i.e., 20 mg. In relation to the isoflavones profile, the highest levels found... |
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Palavras-chave: 2.08.00.00-2 Daidzein; Genistein; Functional compounds; Soybean; Quantity bioquimica Daidzein; Genistein; Functional compounds; Soybean; Quantity. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/6876 |
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